Cochleria Officinalis

Cochlearia officinalis, commonly known as Scurvy-grass or Spoonwort, is a hardy herbaceous plant in the cabbage family (Brassicaceae). Native to temperate and arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, it thrives in coastal areas, salt marshes, and mountain tundra, where its salt tolerance allows it to grow where other plants cannot. Historically, it earned fame for its use by sailors to prevent scurvy, thanks to its high vitamin C content.

Description:

This is a biennial or perennial plant growing up to 30 cm (1 ft) in height. It flowers from May to August, producing small white or pale lilac flowers, and its seeds mature from July to September. The flowers are hermaphrodite (having both male and female organs) and are pollinated by bees, flies, beetles, and can also self-pollinate.

Growing Conditions:

• Prefers light (sandy), medium (loamy), and heavy (clay) soils.

• Can grow in acidic, neutral, or alkaline soils, including saline soils.

• Tolerates semi-shade or full sun.

• Requires moist, well-drained soil and withstands maritime exposure.

Species of Cochlearia:

The genus includes about 30 species, some of which are:

• Cochlearia acutangula

• Cochlearia aestuaria (Estuarine Scurvy-grass)

• Cochlearia anglica (English Scurvy-grass)

• Cochlearia cyclocarpa (Roundfruit Scurvy-grass)

• Cochlearia danica (Danish Scurvy-grass)

• Cochlearia groenlandica (Greenland Scurvy-grass)

• Cochlearia tridactylites (Three-fingered Scurvy-grass)

...and several others, each adapted to specific regional or ecological niches.

Medicinal Uses:

Cochlearia officinalis has a long history in traditional herbal medicine:

• Antiscorbutic: Prevents and treats scurvy due to its rich vitamin C content.

• Aperient: Acts as a gentle laxative.

• Disinfectant and Diuretic: Aids in cleansing the body and promoting urine production.

• Stimulant: Encourages general vitality and health.

Usage:
Sailors in the past consumed it fresh daily on long voyages to avoid scurvy. Externally, crushed leaves were traditionally applied to ulcers to aid healing. Though most effective when fresh, the plant can be harvested in late spring or early summer and dried for later use.